Automating Classification of User Sentiment is the Key to Unlocking Social Media

Rush Limbaugh has 33% more buzz online than Jay Leno according to the Vitrue Social Media Index. Social game company Zynga has tweets by posters with 3 times as many followers as their competitor Playfish according to the data over the last 30 days from Radian6. But it doesn’t really mean anything unless you know what percentage of that buzz or those tweets are positive or negative.

Sentiment is the guiding light that helps marketers and their organization know what to do with the mountain of social media that is growing exponentially through Facebook and Twitter. We need to understand our current positive to negative ratios, drill down to uncover what’s driving it, then put programs in place to mitigate the negative and foster growth of the positive. Just like we determine the ROI on capital improvements, with an accurate measurement of positive and negative sentiment we can measure the return on investing in programs to improve consumer sentiment about our brands.

So the vision thing is great, but the reality of going through thousands of posts and tweets and determining sentiment is the biggest impediment facing marketers and their organizations to moving forward. The industry average in being able to automate this process of categorizing the sentiment of user posts is about 60%, based on a conversation with Radian6.

Radian6 is a great workflow tool, but today they only offer users the ability to hand code the sentiment of each post. Their goal is to introduce automated sentiment attribution into the Radian6 dashboard this summer to get to 70 or 75% accuracy.

Crimson Hexagon has shown through research by co-founder and Harvard Professor Gary King that its approach to automatically categorizing the percentage of posts in blogs is higher than hand-coding or strictly counting the number of words. “Crimson Hexagon doesn’t count words, which can mislead; it amplifies human judgment to give the percentage in each category accurately,” noted King in a recent tweet. One of King’s colleagues noted that Crimson Hexagon is close to 80-88% accuracy for positives and negatives using their approach.

Very few marketers and organizations will spend the resources to hand-code responses (in fact King’s research suggests that one shouldn’t and typically see diminishing returns after 500). We will more and more rely on automated tools to do this work for us. Thus when the time comes to pick vendors, agencies and tools to help us measure sentiment, it is critical for us to understand the underlying data, methodology and resulting accuracy rates.

To date Crimson Hexagon’s methodology seems to provide the most promise. What other tools are you using to identify positive and negative sentiment of your brand and what is their underlying methodology?

Zappos Between the Tweets: Breaking Down How Zappos Uses Twitter

A veteran direct marketer was commenting on a LinkedIn forum that she wasn’t really bought into the value of having a ton of followers on Twitter – it’s costly, time consuming and “isn’t direct marketing just more efficient?” The ROI vs “engagement” and “conversations” argument went back and forth and ultimately others in the forum pointed to Zappos as an example of marketers who leverage social media to indirectly drive revenues.

Indeed, Zappos.com CEO Tony Hseih has amassed an impressive 650,000 followers. While a lot of Zappos rabid following is a reflection of the company itself (The Nightline video overview of Zappos nicely summarizes the “great customer service” and “fun” philosophy), you don’t get hundreds of thousands of followers without providing some reason to be loyal.

So what can a marketer looking to go social learn from Zappos? Sifting through 169 Tweets over the last three months (March 1st – May 25th), a few things stand out:

Tweet Frequency: Keep it Steady, but Don’t Overwhelm

  • Tony averages just under 2 tweets per day
  • Over the 86 days, he Tweeted on all but five days (and two of those were well-deserved Easter and Memorial Day holidays)
  • Only 9% of the time did Tony Tweet more than three times during a day and his max number of tweets in any one day was five (which he hasn’t repeated since March)

Tweet Content: Keep True to the Brand and Stay Away from the Hard-Sell

  • 54% of the Tweets were humorous, often reflections on the absurdities of travel and/or meetings
  • 10% of the Tweets offered inspirational quotes, more often funny than not
  • 25% of the Tweets were about interaction with the brand, either soliciting feedback, sharing insider info
  • 11% were random things that Tony shared, whether viewing a movie, a book, an article or a picture
  • 0% of the Tweets were about a specific product
  • 0% of the Tweets were about sales

In addition to humor, much of the insider information is really showing the extension of the Zappos culture, whether it be their rap video about the Zappos golf cart, a video to solicit Ellen DeGeneres to visit their office, or pictures of the Zappos team getting their heads shaved (an annual event). The posts humanize the company as being made up of individuals; the Tweets aren’t being out-sourced to a PR agency, just like Zappos makes it a point of strength that they don’t out-source customer support (it’s the foundation of their brand).

Engaging Customers: Planting the Seed, Subtly

While the ROI hungry may bemoan the lack of the phrases “on sale” or “buy now” in the Zappos Tweets, the company is actually subtly leveraging the Twitter followers to further engage in the brand (75% of sales come from repeat buyers) in a multitude of ways:

  • Cross-promoting a sister site: “Excited about the relaunch/redesign of 6pm.com (our sister web site, lots of discounts)! – http://www.6pm.com
  • Getting users to check out their extension into selling clothes in addition to shoes: “Fill blanks & tweet out by 11:27 AM Pacific “My favorite CLOTHING brand @Zappos sells is _ because _.” I’ll pick 3 winners ($150 Zappos GC)!”
  • Getting users to explore and give feedback on a site seach/buy redesign: “Headed to a meeting to discuss the future of fun experimental web site http://explore.zappos.com
  • Sharing with users what’s selling in real-time: “Cool… See what people are buying from Zappos in real-time! (Warning: may induce hypnosis) – http://bit.ly/zapposmap
  • Cross-promoting Zappos on Celebrity Apprentice: “At Celebrity Apprentice viewing upstairs at Hot Rod Grille in Henderson. Stop by if you’re around, it’s a @Zappos task episode! NBC 9-11 PM”
  • Showing web/tech stars like Guy Kawasaki opening up Zappos boxes and getting non-shoe items at SXSW: “Thx @magnify @briansolis @StephAgresta for putting together the Zappos BoxBreak vids (thought Shira’s was funny)! – http://bit.ly/zboxbreak
  • And providing various ways to meet up directly: Tweetups, registering for the local Las-Vegas area marathon and even the company picnic.

In the end, the Zappos story is not necessarily that they are great at using Twitter, but that Zappos has a unique brand philosophy of driving loyalty that is augmented by Tweets that are true to that message. For them, the ability to spark loyalty amongst their customers (through sending users to competitive sites if they don’t have something in stock, a 365 day return policy and yes, engaging Tweets from a brand with personality) will turn into happy customers that will shop with them again and again. It’s not a short-term return, but a long-term relationship that drives Zappos, which comes through loud and clear in nearly every Tweet.

As marketers, we have to continue to push our organizations toward the long-term view and invest in social media not as a short-term ROI project, but as a long-term commitment to improving customer lifetime value.

Update: Being a numbers guy, couldn’t help explore the click through rates though: After the Tweet: Exploring Twitter Click Through Rate Benchmarking to Measure Engagement

American Idol and Social Media – A Love / Hate Thing

Adam Lambert has been a leading topic all day, but doesn't really tell you if all that buzz is positiveA trending topic means squat unless you measure whether it’s positive or negative. All day long people commented that the social media buzz for Adam Lambert, predicted he’ll beat out Kris Allen tonight in the American Idol final. Adam was constantly ahead of Kris on Twitter Trending Topics (see picture at right), showing more overall buzz in the Vitrue Social Media Index 399-to-258 and generally way ahead on Facebook Lexicon (the graph below does show that last weekend Kris Allen got more buzz than Adam for the first time all season).

But just because you get a lot of buzz isn’t necessarily a reason to celebrate. Playing a bit with the Vitrue Social Media Index by adding the word love (as in people who love or feel strongly about one of the two finalists), you see that Adam Lambert love leads Kris Allen love 399 to 258. Throw in a negative like “hate” and you see a shocking reversal: Kris Allen hate is only 10.5 while Adam Lambert hate is a whopping 285. Digging into the buzz shows that while Adam Lambert leads in overall buzz, a great deal of that appears to be negative buzz. I would love to do the same analysis with Facebook Lexicon, but sadly it only lets you use two word phrases, which limits the ability to dig deeper.

Clearly, we have to look at the phrases in the conversations about our brands and dig deeper to figure out how users are phrasing positive and negative remarks so we can develop filters to get a more accurate measure of our campaigns and their impact on positive buzz. Throw in the fact that many a spammer is using trending topics as a way to get their product sold, it’s clear that filtering out the clutter is going to be the key for marketers at measuring their effectiveness in social media.

As for American Idol tonight? Well Adam has more positive buzz, but we’ll also get to see if those with the negative buzz came out to vote against him…I know he’s worn a bit on me.

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